Honey Bee Biology and Beekeeping, Caron & Connor

Honey Bee Biology and Beekeeping
First released in 1999, Honey Bee Biology and Beekeeping is widely accepted as a major textbook of Apiculture (beekeeping). Universities use it to teach college students bee biology and beekeeping.
Beekeepers and bee clubs use it to teach other beekeepers.
It concentrates on the 'why', 'how' and 'when' of bee keeping. It explains bee and beekeeping basics in a manner meaningful to people who lack an extensive back ground in biology. Yet it is not oversimplified, and provides a meaningful source of beekeeping information for the informed beekeeper.
The Third Edition has been carefully edited, updated and expanded to 480 pages. New chapters have been added, as have colorful new graphics and photographs. The Glossary has also been expanded.
This comprehensive textbook easily replaces many beginner books while adding comprehensive details of bee biology essential to becoming a successful beekeeper and student of the honey bee.
VIEW Contents
- Title page
- Copyright, ISBN, Dedication, Acknowledgments
- About the authors
- Chapter Quick Finder
- How to use this book
- Introduction
- Our insect ally
- What is beekeeping?
- Beekeeping - both science and art?
- The real key
- Human association with bees
- Wasps, bees and warfare
- Apiculture beginnings
- Temperate versus tropical seasonality
- Bee gums and skeps
- Bees on the move
- A new hive
- Father of modern beekeeping
- And today ...
- Honey bee culture
- Learning beekeeping
- Are bees going extinct?
- What are the factors in bee decline
- Saving bees
- Ten things to save bees and pollinators
- Key terms
- Discussion questions
- Exercises
- References
- What's in a Name?
- The classification system
- Phylum Arthropoda
- Classification of the honey bee
- Class lnsecta
- Order Hymenoptera
- Superfamily Apoidea
- Families of bees
- Family Apidae
- Bumble bees
- Genus Apis
- Subspecies of honey bees
- Do honey bees predate Europeans in North America?
- Hybrid bees
- Improved bees
- Varroa mite tolerant bees
- Key terms
- Discussion questions
- Exercises
- References
- Sociality
- Insect societies
- Sociality in the Hymenoptera
- Evolution of sociality
- Relative stages of social interaction Eusocial
- Character comparison Bees
- Wasps
- Ants
- Why is sociality so common in Hymenoptera?
- Control of stinging wasps /bees
- Key terms
- Discussion questions
- Exercises
- References
- What is a Honey Bee?
- Queen, drone, worker
- Hive bees
- Developmental time
- Field bees
- Immature bees or brood
- Differentiation of queen and worker
- Seeing is believing
- Superorganism
- Dead bees
- Seasonality of brood and adult populations
- Fat (fall) bees
- Bee stewardship
- Key terms
- Discussion questions
- Exercises
- References
- Anatomy
- Three body regions
- Exoskeleton and body hairs
- Head
- Mouth parts
- Queen and drone head
- Thorax
- Abdomen
- Bee senses
- Digestive and excretory systems
- Fat body
- Nervous system
- Circulatory system and hemolymph
- Respiratory system
- Reproductive structures
- Sting structure
- Gland systems
- Gland and bee development
- Additional queen and drone differences
- Key terms
- Discussion questions
- Exercises
- References
- Physiology
- The living honey bee
- Honey bee nutrition and food ecology
- Gut biome
- Physiological changes in the labor force
- Royal jelly
- Nutrition's specific impact
- Gas, liquid and temperature regulation
- Thermal activity
- Comb as an organ of the colony
- Comb effect on bees
- Key terms
- Discussion question
- Exercises
- References
- Pheromones
- Chemical coordination
- Pheromone communication
- Queen pheromones
- Queen substance spread
- Percent of radioactive bees
- Queen substance functions
- Food transmission
- Dufour gland
- Tergal glands
- Fecal pheromone
- Alarm communications
- Nasanov scent gland
- Colony odor
- Trail pheromones
- Odor recognition
- Brood and comb pheromones
- Colony defense
- Pheromones in dance language
- Other pheromones
- Stimulatory effect of comb/brood
- Key terms Discussion questions
- Exercises
- References
- Dance Language
- Dance communications
- Dance routines
- The round dance
- The wagtail dance
- The sickle dance
- Dance floor
- Taste and smell
- Dialects
- Comparison of races
- Additional recruitment dances
- Accuracy of the dance information
- Marking bees
- Dance language controversy
- Nest selection by honey bees
- Looking for a home
- Key terms
- Discussion questions
- Exercises
- References
- The Bee Nest
- Colony dwelling
- Beeswax comb
- How bees measure cells
- Nest organization
- Human-made hives
- The modern Langstroth beehive
- Observation hives
- Key terms
- Discussion questions
- Exercises
- References
- Queens
- One queen, usually
- Queen replacement (supersedure)
- Bee sounds
- Swarming
- Absconding
- Emergency queen replacement
- Mating of queens
- Massacre of the males
- Drone nutrition for proper maturation
- Key terms
- Discussion questions
- Exercises
- References
- Bee Botany
- Foraging
- Types of foragers
- How bees discover flowers
- Scout bees
- Flower constancy
- Foraging area
- Foraging statistics
- Nectar collection
- Nectar secretion
- Pollen foraging
- Pollen collection
- Water and plant resin collection
- Optimum foraging strategy
- Robbing behavior
- The season through a bee's eye
- Early season pollen sources
- Mid to late spring
- Fruit bloom
- Early honey plants for surplus honey
- Other late spring plants
- Honey plants of June & July
- Clovers, vetch & alfalfa
- Summer
- Cultivated crops
- Around the home
- Fall
- Honeydew
- Notes
- Key terms
- Discussion questions
- Exercises
- References
- Getting Started
- Starting requisites
- When and how to start
- What to expect
- Personal equipment
- The hive
- Types of honey
- Transferring bees
- Obtaining bees
- Bait hive basics
- The apiary
- Ten tips
- What is the best apiary?
- More information
- Key terms
- Discussion questions
- Exercises
- References
- Management Basics
- Basics of management
- Wear a veil - use protective equipment
- What tools to use
- When to manipulate bees
- How long to keep a hive open
- Is it okay to inspect?
- Bee stings
- Types of reactions following stings
- Queen spotting
- Colony manipulations
- Box 29 Smoker lighting
- Reading the frames
- Box 30 Hive inspection
- Handling difficult colonies
- Robbing
- Feeding bees
- Key terms
- Discussion questions
- Exercises
- References
- Fall & Winter
- In the beehive
- Fall
- Box 32 The winter cluster
- Late fall-winter
- Why colonies die over winter
- Managing the overwintering colony
- In summary
- Key terms
- Discussion questions
- Exercises
- References
- Spring
- Spring management
- Spring
- Water for bees
- First spring inspection
- Stimulating weak colonies
- Box 34 The swarming instinct
- Management for spring nectar flow Box
- Manage for success
- Preventing bee swarms
- Swarm control
- Doolittle increase
- Making divides and increase nuclei hives
- Late spring
- Key terms
- Discussion questions
- Exercises
- References
- Honey Production
- The honey harvest
- Presence of nectar-secreting plants
- Weather suitable for nectar secretion and gathering
- Peak population for the nectar flow
- Physical ability of the bees and the 'morale' of the colony
- Crowing degree days
- The work of honey production
- Pre-flow management
- Nectar flow management
- Supering
- Drawing foundation
- Extracting
- Removing bees from supers
- Honey in the comb
- Destruct harvest
- Settling and packaging
- Non-flow summer management
- Key terms
- Discussion questions
- Exercises
- References
- Honey & Other Products
- Honey & hive products
- What is honey?
- What can go wrong?
- Kinds of honey
- Fine crystallization
- Other sources of honey
- Uses of honey
- Beeswax
- Comb honey
- Pollen
- Royal jelly
- Bee brood
- Bees as food
- Propolis
- Venom
- Live bees
- Mead (honey wine)
- Other ways to make money with bees
- Key terms
- Discussion questions
- Exercises
- References
- Queen & Drone Rearing
- Queen & drone rearing
- Raising queens and drones
- When to raise queens
- How to raise queens on a small scale
- Using the Cloake board
- Graftless cell production
- Drone production & manipulations
- Making queens
- Mating control
- Queen introduction
- Key terms
- Discussion questions
- Exercises
- References
- Nucleus Colonies
- Nucleus colonies
- Making nuclei
- Other methods to make increase hives
- Dividing spring colonies to make nuclei and reduce swarming
- Mid-Spring and summer nuclei
- Fall increase
- Overwintering nucleus colonies
- Box 46 Doolittle increase
- Key terms
- Discussion questions
- Exercises
- References
- Pollination
- Pollination
- Pollinating agents
- Insect pollination
- Pollinating bees
- Conditioning/artificial attracting bees
- Managing bee colonies for pollination
- One colony per acre
- Moving bee colonies
- Improving pollination results
- Pollination of specific crops
- Small fruit pollination
- Key terms
- Discussion questions
- Exercises
- References
- Bee Mites
- Bee mites
- Mite-related disorders
- Honey bee tracheal mites
- Varroa mite
- Sampling for varroa mites
- Parasitic Mite Brood Syndrome
- Colony collapse disorder
- Pesticide succession for varroa mite control
- Key terms
- Discussion question
- Exercise
- References
- Diseases
- Brood diseases
- Brood problem?
- Going to the dogs
- Adult diseases
- Key terms
- Discussion questions
- Exercises
- References
- Pests
- Pests
- Pesticides
- Newest developments
- Pesticide poisoning symptoms
- Conditions confused with disease Key terms
- Discussion questions
- Exercises
- References
SECTION 1: BEE BIOLOGY
SECTION 2: BEEKEEPING
- Glossary
- Index
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